Two different gall morphotypes for two different galling insect species in Protium icicariba, Burseraceae
Abstract
Gall induction in plants is considered the most complex association in nature, where the insect gains in redirecting the physiology and growth of attacked organs, in order to create an appropriate environment that provides food, shelter and protection for the development of their larvae. Both structural and chemical changes have great influence in maintaining the life cycle of galling insect. So this study aims to evaluate the structural reaction of the gall induced by a galling insect from the family Cecidomyidae and another belonging do the family Psyllidae in Protium icicariba (DC) Marchand. The morphology and structure of the galls was assessed by stereoscopic and transmitted light microscopy. In the cecidomyiid gall, the presence of non-cutinized inner epidermis and pits in plant cells in tissues whose walls were lignified, are the main instruments in the transfer of water and water-soluble substances from the cells of the fundamental parenchyma, where there are the vascular bundles, towards the larval chamber, what allows the larvae to feed. Psyllidae evidenced an interaction in which it acts as a sap-sucking insect during larval and nymphal development. In both galls, the outer wall of the gall and the internal wall of the larval chamber composed in part by sclerenchyma, with gall tissue induced Cecidomyidae e Psyllidae in P. icicariba suggest a strong relationship with the physical defense against external enemies.
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