Densidade e distribuição vertical de peixes Pomacanthidae (Teleostei) na Ilha Escalvada, Guarapari – ES
Resumo
Comunidades de peixes recifais são encontradas em toda a costa brasileira nos recifes de corais e nos recifes rochosos. Vários estudos sugerem que a complexidade estrutural do hábitat, a disponibilidade de alimento e as variáveis ambientais (hidrodinamismo, temperatura) são fatores que estruturam a comunidade dos peixes recifais. Através da técnica de censos visuais sub-aquático (n= 52), o presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar a densidade de peixes recifais da família Pomacanthidae e estudar sua distribuição ao longo de um gradiente de profundidade no recife rochoso da Ilha Escalvada – ES. Os resultados revelaram que Holacanthus tricolor foi a espécie mais abundante (0,81 ± 0,02 indivíduos por 40m2 ), e Pomacanthus paru e Centropyge aurantonotus as espécies menos abundante, apresentando apenas um indivíduo de cada espécie em 2,080m2 . Quando comparado a densidade de peixes atual com os dados pretéritos de 2001 de Floeter et al. (2007), a densidade de Holacanthus ciliaris foi significantemente maior. Os resultados também evidenciaram que existe uma diferença na distribuição desses peixes entre as profundidades (P. paru p = 0,0149; H. ciliaris p = 0,0048; e H. tricolor p = 0,0006). Os juvenis de todas as espécies tiveram preferência em 10 metros de profundidade. A maior porcentagem de similaridade foi entre 10 e 15 metros de profundidade (85%). Os resultados do trabalho evidenciaram que a profundidade influencia na distribuição de peixes pomacantídeos na Ilha Escalvada.
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