Desvendando a H+-Pirofosfatase vacuolar e o seu papel na biotecnologia vegetal
Resumen
As proteínas de membrana são de fundamental importância para manter o funcionamento da célula e a homeostase iônica dos seres-vivos. Há uma diversidade de proteínas que ajudam a manter o gradiente iônico entre o meio intra e extracelular, entre as quais, a H+-ATPase e a H+-pirofosfatase (H+-PPase) tem um importante destaque. A H+-PPase está presente na membrana do vacúolo das células das plantas e sua principal função é transportar H+ para o lúmem, criando uma força elétron-motriz que impulsiona o transporte secundário de íons e compostos orgânicos. Esta enzima é diferencialmente regulada em condições de stress conferindo uma maior tolerância das plantas aos fatores bióticos e abióticos. Atualmente, sabe-se que o gene que codifica a H+-PPase quando super-expressado, estimula o crescimento vegetal via um maior desenvolvimento radicular e, conseqüentemente, maior absorção de água e nutrientes. Além disso, uma maior resistência ao stress salino foi observada. Novos estudos são realizados para elucidar os processos fisiológicos causados pela super-expressão da H+-PPase objetivando uma possível aplicação na produção vegetal, em solos com baixa fertilidade.
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