Using oxidative stress enzymes as biomarkers in environmental impacts

Abstract

The intensive use of xenobiotic composites in activities of humans held responsible for environmental contamination resulting in alterations in different ecological levels. To gain information about the possible consequences of the use of these harmful composites, biomarkers or bioindicators are used. In aquatic environments, where the organism is in direct contact with composites, the examination of harmful effects is of special interest. Enzymes became of special interest in their use as biomarkers, as an increase or inhibition of enzymatic activity may indicate a response to environmental stress. Several studies use the determination of the enzymatic activity to monitor the environment comparing data of control group with those of contaminated areas. Catalase and the superoxide dismutase are important enzymes as they participate in detoxication. The enzymes are known to have impact on the survival rate in animals living in contaminated areas. The analysis of the activity of those enzymes enable to gain information about the amount of pollution and are seen as alert signal of contamination. Therefore, the determination of those enzymes is seen as one important technique for the environmental monitoring and control of activities of human beings and their effects on the environment.