Changes in root exudation in transgenic plants and microbial community of the rhizosphere colonized with mycorrhiza

Abstract

The genetic improvement of plants plays a fundamental role in the production food in quantity to meet the population. Accordingly, transgenic plants also known as genetically modified (GM), have their root exudates altered and are interesting models in microbiological research and ecological rhizosphere. Plants are exposed to a wide variety of microorganisms ubiquitously distributed, among which stand out the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). AMF are required biotróficos cosmopolitans likely most plant species. The main characteristic of this association is the formation in the root cortex of plants arbuscules, mycorrhizal structures responsible for bidirectional movement of nutrients absorbed from the soil to the plant, especially phosphorus (P) and the transfer process sugars derived from photosynthesis to the fungus. This review describes an approach to changes in exudation in transgenic plants and the microbial community of the rhizosphere colonized with AMF, which are presented evidence supporting the hypothesis that AVP1OX can modulate the rhizosphere microbial density and exhibit low enzymatic activities. Future studies on the effects of GM plant exudates altered microorganisms in soil, should involve experiments using molecular tools based on nucleic acid amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR-Polymerase Chain Reaction). Eschewing the details, the efficiency of this technique is summarized in the use of DNA in adequate quantity and quality for amplification and selection of primers specific for the region to be studied. Therefore, we emphasize the absence of perfect technique. It is up to the researcher to decide which method or set of methods best suited to answer scientific questions proposed.