Herbivory damage in the angiosperm Polygala spectabilis, and in the pteridophytes Anemia phyllitidis and Asplenium serratum in the biological Reserve of Duas Bocas, Cariacica, Espírito Santo
Abstract
In ferns, it has not been demonstrated any tendency to preserve the sporophyll surface, when compared to trophophylls, similarly to what has been evidenced in floral tissue, concerning the trends of evolution in pollination. The ferns families Anemiaceae and Aspleniaceae represent interesting models to test hypotheses in this fiels, since as in Anemiaceae the sporangia develop in sporangiophores that are out of the leaflets surface, while in the Aspleniaceae sporangia develop on the adaxial surface of leaves. This paper aims to compare the damage caused by herbivory in plant tissues involved in reproduction, with models like the petals of flowers and leaves of Polygala spectabilis DC, with the leaves of Asplenium serratum L., and Anemia phylitidis (L.) SW, occurring in microsympatric environments at the Biological Reserve Duas Bocas - REBIO Duas Bocas. In each of the eight individuals of each species, three leaves were collected and afterwards they were photographed and the images analyzed to determine the area damaged by herbivores using the software ImageTool. The results were evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis test and the Spearman’s correlation, and Median tests that were performed using the program Systat 9.0. The preserved area and the total area is almost linear and are correlated positively (p= 0.949). The area consumed by herbivores was independent of leaf size (p <0.05). There were no significant differences in total leaf area between A. serratum and A. phyllitidis or between flowers of P. spectabilis, there is no proportional differences (p> 0.05) between the areas of resources offered. The flowers of P. spectabilis showed lower herbivory area when compared to sterile leaves of A. phyllitidis and fertile leaves of A. serratum (p <0.05).
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