Insect-plant interactions in Solanum hexandrum Vell. (Solanaceae)
pollination and herbivory in the Biological Reserve of Duas Bocas, Cariacica, Espírito Santo
Abstract
Animal-plant interacions are frequent in several environment. In some cases there is a high degree of reciprocity, such as in pollination, but in others some damages to any plant components may occur, such as inherbivory. The aim of this study was to use Solanum hexandrum Vell. (Solanaceae) as a model to investigate its pollination, and reciprocal interaction, and leaf demages by herbivory, as a one-way relationship, checking if young leaves were consumed more than mature leaves. The fieldwork and laboratory were conducted in Biological Reser of Duas Bocas, and 18 hours were used for pollination field registries. Consernig herbivory, 40 leaves were sampled 40, equaly divided young and adult leaves. The species has pollen as the only resource available to flower visitors, and was exclusively buzz-pollinated by the bee Eufriesea violacea (Blanchard) (Apidae: Apinae: Euglossini). The total leaf area of young and adult leaves did not differ significantly (p = 0.154), as well as the preserved area (p = 0.360), although leaf area, the preserved area and the area consumed showed higher values in mature leaves. Herbivory was significantly higher in mature leaves (p = 0.000) however, the area consumed and the total leaf area showed a low correlation where herbivory was not limited by leaf size (rSpearman= 0.407).
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