Comparative analysis of herbivory in three different shruby species in the Pantanal of Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Abstract
Some plants may respond differently to herbivory through chemical, physical, and biological defenses or even through tolerance to herbivory. In this paper we compare the herbivory rates among three species that had different types of potential defenses against herbivory: Ipomoea fistulosa (chemical defense), Licania humilis (presence of wax), and Annona crassiflora (presence of trichomes). We determined the leaf area and herbivory area with Image Tool 3.0. Rates of herbivory were transformed to arcsine, that was not enough to normalize the data. Differences among medians and ranks of consumed leaf areas were tested through Kruskal-Wallis, and the differences on ranks were discriminate through a post hoc nonparametric Tukey test. The results show that there are significant differences between I. fistulosa and L. humilis, with a higher Herbivory Index - HI in L. humilis (p = 0.05), there is no significant difference between I. fistulosa and A. crassiflora (p = 1.0), and that there is marginally significant difference between L. humilis and A. crassiflora (p = 0.07). Among the three species, L. humilis was less effective in defense against herbivory, because the wax that coats its leaves is easily touch removed, and probably because of this it does not guarantee long-term protection.
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