Utilização de enzimas do estresse oxidativo como biomarcadoras de impactos ambientais

Autores

  • Antônio JD Cogo Centro Universitário Vila Velha
  • Arthur F. Siqueira Centro Universitário Vila Velha
  • Alessandro C Ramos Centro Universitário Vila Velha
  • Zilma MA Cruz Centro Universitário Vila Velha
  • Ary G Silva Centro Universitário Vila Velha

Resumo

O uso intensivo de compostos xenobióticos em atividades humanas é responsável pela contaminação de vários ambientes, provocando alterações em diferentes níveis ecológicos. O monitoramento das possíveis consequências do uso indiscriminado desses compostos é realizado por intermédio de biomarcadores ou bioindicadores, principalmente em ambientes aquáticos, nos quais o organismo apresenta contato direto com o contaminante, fato que propicia o diagnóstico do impacto para posterior reparo ou, até mesmo, recuperação do ambiente. Atualmente, um dos biomarcadores utilizados são as enzimas, uma vez que o aumento ou a inibição da atividade enzimática podem indicar algum tipo de resposta ao estresse ambiental, segundo ensaios realizados in situ ou in vitro. Diversos estudos citados na literatura utilizam a determinação da atividade enzimática, através de comparações com grupos controles ou por parâmetros encontrados antes e depois de iniciar uma atividade que poderia causar algum estresse para a área trabalhada. As enzimas do estresse oxidativo, representadas pela catalase, superóxido dismutase, glutationa redutase e peroxidase, são necessárias para a manutenção da vida por estarem associadas ao processo de detoxificação de compostos formados nos seres vivos, e são consideradas importantes ao permitirem a sobrevivência de organismos em ambientes impactados. A análise da atividade dessas enzimas permite maior controle do ambiente e funciona como sinal de alerta de contaminação, sendo, portanto, uma técnica importante para a vigilância ambiental e controle das atividades humanas sobre o ambiente.

Palavras-chave:

Monitoramento ambiental, biomarcadores, impactos ambientais, estresse oxidativo, atividade enzimática

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Publicado:

2009-01-01

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Como Citar

Cogo, A. J., Siqueira, A. F., Ramos, A. C., Cruz, Z. M., & Silva, A. G. (2009). Utilização de enzimas do estresse oxidativo como biomarcadoras de impactos ambientais. Natureza Online, 7(1), 37–42. Recuperado de https://naturezaonline.com.br/revista/article/view/401

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