O extrato de folhas e sementes do ginkgo, Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) no tratamento e profilaxia das isquemias
Resumo
Ginkgo biloba L, uma espécie da família Ginkgoaceae, tem sua utilização para fins terapêuticos já sendo descrito desde 2800 a.C. e seu extrato EGb 761 tem sido comercializado a mais de duas décadas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo reunir evidências sobre os efeitos do extrato EGb 761 na profilaxia e no tratamento da isquemia, publicadas nos últimos cinco anos. Neste extrato, aos flavonóides são atribuídas ações antioxidantes e anti-radicais livres evitando desta forma os danos oxidativos após a reperfusão que se segue a isquemia e ainda melhoram o metabolismo cerebral. Seus constituintes terpenoídicos possuem efeitos cardioprotetores, atuando juntamente com os flavonóides. Os bilobalídeos são responsáveis por um efeito protetor neuronal e pela prevenção contra lesões isquêmicas. Os ginkgolídeos podem ser utilizados no tratamento de inflamações, rejeição em transplantes, asma, devido a um mecanismo antioxidante, e lesões isquêmicas devido a sua ação antagonista sobre o Fator de Agregação Plaquetária - FAP.
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