Sistemas de reprodução em Briófitas
pequenas plantas com grande sucesso reprodutivo
Resumen
Este trabalho é resultado de uma revisão bibliográfica que procurou reunir artigos relativos ao sistema reprodutivo de briófitas, que envolvessem questões ligadas a populações naturais e as suas características reprodutivas. Dentre estas características estão as respostas às variações ambientas que podem ser vistas no tempo de maturação dos esporófitos, presença de reprodução sexuada ou assexuada em hepáticas e musgos, variação na expressão sexual nos diferentes ambientes. Estes fatores que podem ser incluídos dentro do conceito de sistemas reprodutivos podem, de alguma forma, explicar um pouco as razões do sucesso reprodutivo das briófitas, apesar das limitações que a manutenção do gametófito como fase predominante representam no ambiente terrestre.
Palabras clave:
Descargas
Citas
Ayukawa E, Imura S, Kudoh S, Kanda H (2002) Reproductive phenology of subalpine moss, Polytrichum ohioense. Ren. et Card. Polar Bioscience 11: 88–96.
Bastos CJP(2008) Padrões de reprodução vegetativa em espécies de Lejeuneaceae (Marchantiophyta) e seu significado taxonômico e ecológico. Revista Brasileira de Botânica 31: 309-315.
Benassi M, Stark LR, Brinda JC, Nicholas D (2011) Plant size, sex expression and sexual reproduction along an elevation gradient in a desert moss. The Bryologist 114: 277-288.
Clarke CGS, Grenne SW(1970) Reproductive performance of two species of Pohlia at widely separated station. Transactions of the British Bryolog y Society 6: 114-128.
Bordin J, Yano O (2009) Briófitas. Pós-graduação em biodiversidade vegetal e meio ambiente. São Paulo, Instituto de Botânica-São Paulo.
Correns C (1899) Untersuchungenüber die Vermehrung der LaubmoosedurchBrutorgane und Stecklinge. Bryophyt Bibliographie 7:1- 472
Crandall-Stotler B, Stotler RE, Long DG (2008) Morphology and classification of the Marchantiophyta. In: B. Goffinet, A. J. Shaw (ed). Bryophyte Biolog y. 2 ed. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Cronberg N (2002) Colonization dynamics of the clonal moss Hylocomium splendens on islands in a Baltic land uplift area: reproduction, genet distributionandgeneticvariation. Journal of Ecolog y 90: 925-935.
Crum H (1983) Vegetative reproduction in Platydictya. The Michigan Botanist 23: 21-22.
Duckett JG, Rezanglia K.S (1983) The reproductive biology of the liverwort Blasia pusilla L. Journal of Bryolog y 17: 541-552.
During HJ (1990) Clonal growth patterns among bryophytes. In: van Groenendael J, Kron H (ed) Clonal growth in plants: regulation and function. The Hague, SPB Academic Publishing, pp 153–176.
Egunyome A, Olarinmoye SO (1983) Studies on distribution and vegetative reproduction of Calymperes palisotii Shwagr. Nova Hedwigia 38: 487-499.
Engel JJ (1993) Studies on Geocalycaceae (Hepaticae). IX. Chiloscyphus perpusillus (Hook f. &Tayl) Engel: A study in novel asexual reproductive strategies. Nova Hedwigia 56: 241-246.
Evans AW (1902) Hepaticae of Puerto Rico – I. The species of Leptolejeunea including an account of their vegetative reproduction. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 29: 496-510.
Ferreyra AN (2009) Nota sobre la morfologia y reproducción asexual em Ricciocarpus natans (L.) Corda (Marchantialles, Hepaticae) Lilloa 37: 51-54.
Forman RTT (1965) A System for studying moss phenology. The Bryologist 68: 289-300.
Fotoba PO(1998) Reproductive phenology of tree selected Tropical African mosses in South Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Botany 11: 25-33.
Fulford M(1941) Studies on American Hepaticae – III - vegetative reproduction in Bryopteris fruticulosa. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 68: 636-639.
Fulford M(1942)Sporeling and vegetative reproductive structures em Association of Bryologists. Acessado em 20 of setembro de 2013 (http:// www.bryoecol. mtu.edu/).
Goffinet B, Buck WR, Shaw JA (2008) Morphology, anatomy and classication of the Bryophyte. In: Goffinet B, Shaw AJ (ed) Bryophyte Biolog y. 2 ed. Cambridge, Cambridg eUniversity Press, pp. p.55-138.
Goffinet B, Shaw AJ (2009) Bryophyte Biolog y. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Greene SW (1960). The maturation cycle. or the stages of development of Gametangia and Capsules in Mosses. Transactions of the British Bryolog y Society 3: 736-745
Grundmann M, Ansell SW,Russell SJ, Koch MA†, Vogel JC (2008) Hotspots of diversity in a clonal world — the Mediterranean moss Pleurochaete squarrosa in Central Europe. Molecular Ecolog y 17:825–838.
Heinken T, Zippel E (2004) Natural re-colonization of experimental gaps by terricolous bryophytes in Central European pine forests. Nova Hedwigia 79:329–351
Laaka-Lindenberg S (1999) Asexual reproduction in a population of a leafy hepatic species Lophozia silvicola Buch in central Norway. Plant Ecolog y 141:137-144.
Laaka-Lindenberg S (2000) Substrate preference and reproduction in Lophozia silvicola (Hepaticopsida) in Southern Finland. Annales Botanici Fennici 37: 85-93.
Laaka-Lindenberg S (2005) Reproductive phenology in the leafy hepatic Lophozia silvicola Buch in southern Finland. Journal of Bryolog y 27: 253–259.
Lloret FR, Pérez R (1984) Estudio del ciclo reproductivo de algunas especies de musgos. Anales de Biología 2: 319-326
Longtorn E (1979). Studies on Growth, reproduction and population ecology in relation to microclimate in the bipolar moss Polytrichum alpestre. The Bryologist. 82: 325-367.
Longtorn E, Greene SW (1969). The growth and reproductive cycle of Pleurozium sclercherii. Annals of Botany 33: 83-105.
Longton RE, Schuster RM (1983) Reproductive biology. In: Schuster RM (ed) New Manual of Bryolog y. Nichinan, Hattori Botanical Laboratory, pp 386–462.
Lorenz A (1912) Vegetative reproduction in the New England Frullaniae. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 39: 279-284.
Luizi-Ponzo AP, Bastos CJP, Costa DP, Pôrto KC, Câmara PEAS, Lisboa RCL, Vilas Boas-Bastos S (2006) Glossarium polyglotum bryologiae: versão brasileira do Glossário briológico. Juiz de Fora, Editora da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora.
Maciel-Silva AS, Válio IFM (2011) Reproductive phenology of bryophytes in tropical rain forests: the sexes never sleep. The Bryologist 114: 708-719.
McFadden CS (1997) Contribution of sexual and asexual reproduction to population structure in the clonal soft coral, Alcyonium rudyi. Evolution 51: 112-126.
Makinde AM, Odu EA (1994) Phenological studies of selected savanna mosses of south-western Nigeria. Experientia 50: 616–619.
Mishler B (1988) Reproduction ecology of Bryophytes. In: Lovet J, Doust LL (ed) The Reproductive Ecolog y: patterns and strategies. Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp.285-305.
Newton AE, Mishler BD (1994) The evolutionary significance of asexual reproduction in mosses. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 76:127-145.
Moyá MT (1992) Phenological observations and sex ratios in Marchantia chenopoda L. (Hepaticae: Marchantiaceae).Tropical Bryolog y 6: 161–168.
Okland RH (1995) Population biology of the clonal moss Hylocomium splendens in Norwegian Boreal Spruce Forests. I. demography. The Journal of Ecolog y 83: 697-712.
Oliveira SM e Pôrto KC(1998) Reprodução sexuada em musgos acrocárpicos do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica 12: 385–392.
Pfeiffer T, Fritz S,Stech M, Frey W (2006) Vegetative reproduction and clonal diversity in Rhytidium rugosum (Rhytidiaceae, Bryopsida) inferred by morpho- anatomical and molecular analyses. Journal of Plant Research 119:125–135.
Piippo S (1992) On the asexual reproduction of Plagiochila pluma Steph. Tropical Bryolog y 5: 7-10.
Plitt CC (1909) Asexual Reproduction of Leucobryum glaucum. The Bryologist 12: 79-81
Pôrto KC, Oliveira SM (2002) Reproductive phenology of Octoblepharum albidum (Bryopsida, Leucobryaceae) in a tropical lowland Forest of northeastern Brazil. Journal of Bryolog y 24: 291–294.
Raffaelli M, Giannerini P (1978). Gametangial and sporophyte development in some moss species. Webbia 32: 355-368.
Reiner-Drehwald ME (1994) Sobre Microlejeunea globosa (Spruce) Steph. y la fragmentación del tallo, un tipo de reproducción asexual poco conocido em hepáticas. Candollea 49: 225-232.
Renzaglia KS., Duff RJ, Nickrent DL, Garbary DJ (2000) Vegetative and reproductive innovations of early land plants: implications for a unified phylogeny. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B. 355: 769-793.
Rezanglia KS, Villarreal JC, Duff RJ (2008) New insights into morphology, anatomy, and systematic of hornworts. In: Goffinet B, Shaw AJ (ed) Bryophyte Biolog y: 2 ed. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Richards AJ (1997) Plant breeding systems. 2 ed. London, George Allen & Unwin.
Rudolphi J (2009) Ant-mediated dispersal of asexual moss propagules. The Bryologist 112: 73–79.
Sharp AJ, Crum H, Eckel PM (1994) The moss flora of Mexico. Memoires of the New York Botanical Garden 69: 1-1113.
Shaw AJ, Srodon M (1995) Clonal diversity in Sphagnum rubellum Wils. The Bryologist 98: 261-264.
Singh TCN (1929) Notes on vegetative reproduction in two mosses from Mussoore. New Phytologist 29: 355-360.
Schuster RM (1988) Ecology, reproductive biology and dispersal of Hepaticae in the tropics. Journal of theHattori Botanical Laboratory 64: 237-269.
Stark LR, Mishler BD, Mcletchie DN (2000) The cost of relized sexual reproduction assessing patterns of reproductive allocationand sporophyte abortionin a Desert Moss. American Journal of Botany 87: 1599–1608.
Teleganova VV, Ignatov MS (2007) On the reproductive biology of Pitiliun crista-crastensis (Pylaisiaceae-Bryophyta). Arctoa 16: 89-98.
Teleganova VV (2008) Mosses of Calunga province (Middle Europen Russian) ande their reproductive features. Arctoa 17:169-184.
Unb K (1984) A field observation on the reproductive mode in Marchantia. L. Hikobia 9: 15-18.
Une K (2000) Phenological study of Bryum capillare Hedw. (Bryophytes). Japanese Journal of Biological Education 41: 42-49.
Vanderpoorten A, Goffinet B (2009) Introduction to Bryophytes. Cambridge, Cambridge UniversityPress.
Velde MV, During HJ, Zandel LV, Bijlsmar (2001) The reproductive biology of Polytrichum formosum: clonal structure and paternity revealed by microsatellites. Molecular Ecolog y 10: 2423-2434.
Widén B, Cronberg N, Widén M (1994) Genotypic diversity, molecular markers, and spatial distribution of genets in clonal plants, a literature survey. Folia Geobotanica and Phytotaxanomica 29: 245-263.
Zher D.R. (1979). Phenology of Selected Bryophytes in Southem Illinois. The Bryologist 82: 29-36.
Cómo citar
Licencia
Esta licença permite que outros distribuam, remixem, adaptem e criem a partir do seu trabalho, mesmo para fins comerciais, desde que lhe atribuam o devido crédito pela criação original.
