Conspecific interaction of Hylodes phyllodes Heyer & Cocroft, 1986 (Anura; Hylodidae) in an Atlantic Forest fragment, Southeastern Brazil.
Resumen
The species Hylodes phyllodes Heyer and Cocroft, 1986 is a diurnal anuran primarily associated to lotic environments inside the forests. It can be found throughout the Serra do Mar mountain range in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil. We conducted observations at the Ecological Reserve Rio das Pedras (RERP) in the municipality of Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil to study visual communication and vocalization of males of H. phyllodes. We used a live puppet to stimulate H. phyllodes behavior. A live puppet consists in a specimen of H. phyllodes tied with a fine thread via its pelvis to a fishing rod. We used a video camera to record the species behavior. We observed 20 males of H. phyllodes and confirmed that this species may occupy the same call site for several days, thus showing some site fidelity. Under experimental conditions, 35% (n = 7) of the observed individuals showed immobility in front of the live puppet; 25% (n = 5) emitted a warning call; 20% (n = 4) showed physical confrontation; 10% (n = 2) emitted a sound distinct from the warning call; and 10% (n = 2) displayed an escape behavior.
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