A systematic review on the infection forms of Toxoplasma gondii

Abstract

Aiming to approach the ways of contamination of Toxoplasma gondii, a most common zoonosis in the world. The transmission of human toxoplasmosis can occur through various forms: oocysts in feces of infected felines some ingestion of cysts present in meat and in extreme cases, contamination can occur via saliva through droplets in the semen and congenitally by transplacental, these latest mainly in animals. The transmission of the parasite may occur to the fetus if the pregnant woman contracting the infection during pregnancy. Since the infection of the parasite reaches the fetus causing damage of varying degrees of severity depending on the immune response of the mother and the gestational period in which it had been. T. gondii performs the complete cycle in species of the genera Felis and Lynx, usually cats are the most popular hosts. Other mammals, not cats and birds, are considered intermediate hosts or incomplete. The epidemiology of the disease is based on the relationship between environments and physical agents, such as where the individual resides; on cultural factors - coping with possible vectors of disease, dietary habits, socioeconomic and religious. The diagnosis depends on a combination of clinical information and laboratory data, including the association of Toxoplasma with histopathological lesions. It is important that the control of the disease in order to avoid future problems as in congenital toxoplasmosis. Even though it always natural reservoirs of the disease and individuals who make the complete cycle of the parasite.