Enzyme biomarkers in Holothuria grisea (Selenka, 1867) exposed to lead, cadmium and copper
Abstract
Some heavy metals have the ability to bind with the side chains of amino acids that form proteins, inhibiting their specific activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of enzymes: acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (AcP) in tissues of Holothuria grisea, exposed to different concentrations of copper lead and cadmium. H. grisea were collected at Santa Cruz beach, Aracruz, ES, and transferred to aquaria containing solutions of copper sulphate (0.05, 0.075 and 0.10 mg / L copper), lead acetate (0.05, 0 10 and 0.20 mg / L lead) and cadmium chloride (0.30, 0.40 and 0.50 mg / L of cadmium). The bioassay was conducted in semi-static process, and after 96 hours, longitudinal muscles, gonads, intestines, arborescent organ were removed and processed for enzyme determination. AChE and BChE were detected in longitudinal muscle (45 mU/mg and 22 mU/mg protein respectively). Cadmium was the metal that cut the largest percentages of these enzymes. ALP was detected in intestine (873 mU/mg protein) and showed sensitivity when exposed to lead. Similar values were found for AcP were detected in arborescent organ, whose activity was 852 mU/mg protein. The highest values of inhibition were detected for individuals exposed to lead. The results indicate the possibility of H. grisea be used as a bioindicator in programs monitoring the coastal environment, once that the biochemical markers used showed sensitivity to heavy metals.
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