Pollinators and floral visitors of three Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae) taxa in sandy coast vegetation of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Abstract
In this work, a survey of floral visitors and pollinators of the three taxa of Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae) was performed, Ditassa banksii Schult., Peplonia asteria (Vell.) Fontella & E. A. Schwartz and Oxypetalum banksii ssp. corymbiferum (E. Fourn.) Fontella & C. Valente, in sand coast vegetation in the Environmental Protection Area of Marica, Marica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae) flowers are morphologically complex with the pollen gathered in pollinium, dispersed by pollinaria with basically insect pollination. However the flower has nectar easily accessible for insects short glossa, allowing a wide range of nectar thieves had often visit the flowers without performing pollination. O. banksii ssp. corymbiferum was the taxon with the highest number of flower visitors, were 51 species, prevailing Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera/Vespidae with 12 species each and followed by Diptera with 10 species. Vespidae was the main pollinator group whose carrying up one pollinaria in their mouthparts, including Polistes billardieri, Mischocyttarus dreuseni, Polybia ignobilis, Brachygastra lechegana, Polybia sericea and a solitary wasp unidentified. Nine species of flower visitors were collected in P. asteria, prevailing in number of Lepidoptera species. Although, Hymenoptera, Augochloropsis spp. and Polistes canadensis, were the most constant visitors but they didn’t collect with pollinaria attached to their body, they can be the pollinators. 19 species of flower visitors were collected in D. banksii, Coleoptera being the most representative group of nine species, six Diptera, Hymenoptera/Vespidae three and Apoidae with a kind. The pollinaria of D. banksii were found trapped in the mouthparts of Musca domestica which was considered a pollinator and an unidentified species of Diptera.
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