Florivory in Senna macranthera var. pudibunda (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Caesalpinioideae-Fabaceae)
Abstract
Florivory is defined as any structural damage in flowers and flower buds. The damage can be caused by predation of sterile or reproductive flower parts, by cutting those structures to oviposition or shelter, or suction of nutritional elements. This interaction can lead to negative consequences directly or indirectly in reproductive success of plant species. The aim of the work was evaluate the florivory rates in Senna macranthera var. pudibunda. Were sampled 3.156 buds and 88 flowers in Senna macranthera var. pudibunda. Buds and flowers that presented damage in sterile (petals and sepals) or reproductive structure (stamens and pistils), or presence of cochineal were considerate predated. The number of buds and flowers predated and not predates were compared (individual and population), buds and flowers predated (population) and buds and flowers not predated (population) by Chi square test. Senna macranthera var. pudibunda showed higher number of predated flowers. Coleoptera (beetles) and hemiptera (cochineal) were recorded on the flowers of this specie, which preyed the sterile structure (petals) and reproductive (stamens and pistils). The major number of flower buds observed didn’t presented predation signs. The proportion of predated flowers was significantly higher than flower buds in the population. There was no difference on the proportion of flower and flower buds predated in individuals with different number of flowers and flower buds, in the same way, these proportions did not differ in isolated or grouped individuals. The higher number of predated flowers to predated flower buds evidences the herbivores preference to flowers. However, the higher number of flower buds sampled in the population in compared to flowers can be acting like “display”, decreasing the predation rates in flower buds.
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