A wasp species in a rolling gall at the margin of the leaflets of Protium icicariba
an inducer, a parasitoid or an inquiline?
Abstract
Biological interactions involve several organisms in nature, and they are one of the key points in understanding biological communities. Galls are one of those interactions that may be characterized by changes in plant tissues induced by another organism. When insects cause them, galls are called entomogenous. Until now, three gall morphotypes have been described in the leaflets of Protium icicariba (DC) Marchand (Burseraceae). Two different researches had consensually assigned the wart-like morphotype to a Psyllidae insect species. A marginal rolled gall morphotype was reported to the leaflets of P. icicariba as being induced by a cecidomyiid insect species (Bregonci et al. 2010). However, Ramalho and Silva (2014) had found a cecidomyiid insect species in a new turbine-like gall morphotype. This paper describes a kind of falciform rolling gall that is originated by abaxial rolling of the leaflet margin. The galling insect had induced changes in the leaflet tissues organization. In the mesophyll, the cells of palisade and spongy parenchymas were transformed into polyhedral sclereids, making gall walls more resistant to compression or perforation, and protecting the galling insect until its ripping. All the developmental stages found inside the gall belonged to a wasp of the family Eulophidae, subfamily Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea).
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References
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