Biomarcadores enzimáticos em Holothuria grisea (Selenka, 1867) expostas ao chumbo, cádmio e cobre
Resumo
Alguns elementos traço são capazes de se ligar a cadeias laterais de aminoacidos, inibindo a função biológica das proteínas. O presente trabalho avaliou a resposta das enzimas: acetilcolinesterase (AChE), butirilcolinesterase (BChE), fosfatase alcalina (ALP) e fosfatase acida (AcP) em Holothuria grisea, expostas a concentrações de sulfato de cobre (0,05; 0,075 e 0,10 mg/L de cobre), acetato de chumbo (0,05; 0,10 e 0,20 mg/L de chumbo) e cloreto de cádmio (0,30; 0,40 e 0,50 mg/L de cádmio). O bioensaio foi desenvolvido em processo semi-estático e, após 96 horas, músculos longitudinais, gônadas, intestino e órgão arborescente foram retirados e processados para as determinações enzimáticas. A atividade da AChE e BChE foram detectadas somente em músculo longitudinal (45 mU/mg e 22 mU/ mg de proteína respectivamente) e a exposição ao cádmio resultou em maiores percentuais de inibição. ALP foi detectada em intestino (873 mU/mg de proteína) e apresentou sensibilidade ao chumbo. Valores similares foram encontrados para AcP, detectada em órgão arborescente, cuja atividade foi de 852 mU/mg de proteína. Os maiores percentuais de inibição das fosfatases foram detectados aos indivíduos expostos ao chumbo. Os resultados indicam a possibilidade de H. grisea ser utilizada como bioindicador nos programas de monitoramento do ambiente costeiro, uma vez que os marcadores bioquímicos utilizados apresentaram sensibilidade aos metais pesados.
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