Decomposição de Myrcia lineata (O. Berg) Nied. em trechos com diferentes níveis de cobertura do dossel ripário de um riacho de Mata Atlântica no Sudeste do Brasil
Resumo
A decomposição de detritos foliares pode ser utilizada como ferramenta na avaliação da integridade de ecossistemas lóticos, dado que as taxas de decomposição podem variar em resposta a alterações ambientais. Este estudo determinou as taxas decomposição dos detritos foliares de Myrcia lineata (O. Berg) Nied. em dois trechos do córrego do Norte (Espírito Santo) que apresentam diferentes níveis de cobertura do dossel ripário. Foi hipotetizado que, devido a diferenças na luminosidade, temperatura e disponibilidade de nutrientes na água, o efeito dos microorganismos e invertebrados no processo de decomposição iria diferir entre os trechos. Os detritos foliares de M. lineata foram colocados em litter bags de malha fina (0.5 mm) e grossa (10 mm) e incubados nos dois trechos. Após os intervalos de 0, 3, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60 e 90 dias, 4 réplicas por tratamento foram coletadas em cada trecho. Os coeficientes de decomposição (k) observados variaram de 0,0015 a 0,0021 dia-1 e não diferiram entre os trechos estudados em ambos os tratamentos. No total, 288 organismos pertencentes a 20 táxons foram encontrados associados aos detritos no trecho preservado e 705 organismos pertencentes a 28 táxons no trecho alterado. A composição das assembleias de invertebrados foi similar, consistindo principalmente por Chironomidae (Diptera), Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) e Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Os valores de abundância e riqueza de invertebrados foram maiores no trecho alterado, mas não diferiram ao longo dos tempos de incubação. Os coletores-catadores foram dominantes em ambos os trechos (67,79% e 64,60%) e a composição taxonômica das assembleias de invertebrados apresentou maior variação no trecho preservado. Gripopterygidae (Plecoptera) foi o táxon indicador das assembleias no trecho preservado (IV: 62,8) e Hydroptilidae no trecho alterado (IV: 71,8). Os resultados indicam que a remoção da vegetação ripária não alterou a decomposição dos detritos foliares de M. lineata no riacho. As diferenças observadas nas assembleias de invertebrados dos dois trechos reforçam a importância da vegetação ripária para a manutenção dos organismos aquáticos em riachos.
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